Below you will find a consolidated, annotated register of the primary documents and secondary scholarship cited across this site. Please consult the glossary for a list of terms and their definitions. Some information on the research methods and conventions is also available.
Source Register
Primary sources
Classical manuscripts and archival documents, with archive and shelfmark where held.
Chiba Shūsaku. n.d. Chiba Shūsaku ikō (千葉周作遺稿).
Cited in: Chiba Shūsaku
“Yuishogaki, Sakai-ke monjo (酒井家文書 由緒書).” n.d. Obama City Library (小浜市立図書館).
Cited in: Chiba Shūsaku
Suifu keisan (水府系纂). n.d.
Cited in: Chiba Shūsaku
Tōhan shikō (東藩史稿). n.d.
Cited in: Chiba Shūsaku
Chéng Zōngyóu (程宗猷; 1561–1636). 1621. “Gēngyú shèngjì (耕餘剩技; Skills Beyond Farming).” Manuscript.
Cited in: An Overview of Wú Tàijíquán Practice
Huáng Zōngxī (黃宗羲). 1669. “Wáng Zhēngnán mùzhìmíng (王征南墓誌銘; Epitaph for Wang Zhengnan).” Manuscript.
Cited in: An Overview of Wú Tàijíquán Practice
Ōe 〔given name unverified〕. 1670. “Ōe densho, incl. Kagami-no-maki (鏡之巻) kyūsho genealogy.” Kumamoto Prefectural Library (熊本県立図書館). 〔unverified〕 · Working relationship established.
Cited in: Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū
Nakano Nariaki. 1710. “Taisha-ryū kaichū (タイ捨流解紐).” Saga Prefectural Library (main building), Nabeshima-ke Bunko (reproduction; original deposited by the Nabeshima Hōkōkai). 複鍋/353-1 · 複製史料 (reproduction copy), in-library use only (禁帯出), open stacks (新庫３層), item code 210018230; on shelf. No digitization or published transcription located; photocopy of the reproduction obtainable on request..
Cited in: Jūjutsu related to Shinkage-ryū
Hinatsu Shigetaka. 1716. Honchō bugei shōden. Bujutsu sōsho (武術叢書, 1915) collation, NDL Digital Collections; also Shinpen bujutsu sōsho (Jinbutsu Ōraisha, 1968), pp. 5–108. NDL 789.3-B98-B; pid 2518501 · digitized; NDL registered-user transmission
(個人送信).
Cited in: Taisha-ryū, The Dai Nippon Butokukai
Dài Lóngbāng (戴龍邦). 1750. “Liùhé quán xù (六合拳序; Preface to the Six-Harmonies Fist Manual).” Manuscript.
Cited in: An Overview of Wú Tàijíquán Practice
Author unknown. 1767. Bujutsu keifu ryaku (武術系譜略). Bujutsu sōsho (武術叢書, 1915) collation, NDL Digital Collections.
Kitō-ryū (commemorative inscription). 1779. Kitō-ryū kenpō-hi (起倒流拳法碑; Kitō-ryū
boxing stele). Atago Jinja (愛宕神社), Minato-ku, Tōkyō. 〔n/a — epigraphic〕 · Public (shrine grounds).
Cited in: Kitō-ryū
Mikami Genryū. 1790. Gekiken sōdan (撃剣叢談).
Author unknown. 1843. Bujutsu ryūso-roku (武術流祖録). Bujutsu sōsho (武術叢書, 1915) collation, NDL Digital Collections.
Cited in: Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū
Kanō Jigorō. 1888. 〔1888 writing on the origin of jūjutsu — exact
title/venue to confirm〕.
Cited in: Kitō-ryū
Yoshida Chiharu, and Iso Mataemon. 1893. Tenjin Shin’yō-ryū jūjutsu gokui kyōju zukai
(天神真楊流柔術極意教授図解). Iguchi Matsunosuke (井口松之助). Kokuritsu Kokkai Toshokan (国立国会図書館; National
Diet Library). Call no. 70-229 (alt. YDM75629); NDL bib ID 000000493376;
persistent ID info:ndljp/pid/860406 · NDL Digital Collections,
https://dl.ndl.go.jp/info:ndljp/pid/860406 (full digitised
text; the curriculum is at pp. 261–271, frame 130).
Cited in: Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū
Fujii Muneo. 1899. Hamada-kan 浜田鑑. Adachi Kyōeidō.
Cited in: Takahashi Hatsuji
Dai Nippon Butokukai Budō Senmon Gakkō. 1927. Dai Nippon Butokukai Budō Senmon Gakkō ichiran, Shōwa 2
(大日本武徳会武道専門学校一覧 昭和2年). Dai Nippon Butokukai Budō Senmon Gakkō. NDL Digital Collections. NDL pid 1465808 (https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/1465808).
Huáng Bǎijiā (黃百家). 1928. “Nèijiā quánfǎ (內家拳法; Methods of the Internal School), in Qīngshǐgǎo (清史稿).” Manuscript.
Cited in: An Overview of Wú Tàijíquán Practice
Kyūdō Kyōiku Kenkyūkai. 1933. Kyūdō 〔tappō〕 (弓道達法). Seitōsha. NDL Digital Collections. NDL pid 1266229.
Cited in: The Dai Nippon Butokukai
Kōdansha, Dai Nippon Yūbenkai, ed. 1934. Kōtaishi Denka Go-tanjō Hōshuku: Shōwa Tenran-jiai (皇太子殿下御誕生奉祝 昭和天覧試合). Dai Nippon Yūbenkai Kōdansha (大日本雄弁会講談社).
Cited in: Nakayama Hakudō
Wú Gōngzǎo (吳公藻). 1935. Tàijíquán jiǎngyì (太極拳講義). Hunan Martial Arts Training Institute
(湖南國術訓練所).
Cited in: An Overview of Wú Tàijíquán Practice
Shimomura, Hiroshi. 1943. Shumi to Seinen (趣味と青年). Chōbunkaku (潮文閣).
Cited in: Awa Kenzō
Kunii Zen’ya. 1960. Shōwa no musha-shugyō nikki
(昭和の武者修行日記). Jinbutsu Ōraisha (人物往来社)〈Jinbutsu Ōrai
Rekishi Tokuhon 5-11〉.
Cited in: Kunii Zen'ya
Kunii Zen’ya. 1960. Shōwa no musha-shugyō nikki
(昭和の武者修行日記). Jinbutsu Ōraisha.
Cited in: Kobudō Preservation
Imamura Yoshio, Ogasawara Kiyonobu, and Kishino Yūzō, eds. 1966. Nihon budō zenshū, dai-5-kan: Jūjutsu, karate, kenpō, aikijutsu (日本武道全集 第5巻 柔術・空手・拳法・合気術). Jinbutsu Ōraisha (人物往来社).
Cited in: Jūjutsu related to Shinkage-ryū
Imamura Yoshio, ed. 1995. Shiryō Yagyū Shinkage-ryū (史料柳生新陰流). Shin-Jinbutsu Ōraisha (新人物往来社).
Cited in: Jūjutsu related to Shinkage-ryū
Patrick Olivelle. 1998. The Early Upaniṣads: Annotated Text and Translation. Oxford University Press.
Swami Veda Bharati. 2001. Yoga-Sūtras of Patañjali with the Exposition of Vyāsa,
Volume II: Sādhana-pāda. Motilal Banarsidass.
Rolf W. Giebel. 2005. The Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi Sutra. BDK English Tripiṭaka. Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research.
Dakpo Tashi Namgyal. 2006. Mahāmudrā: The Moonlight — Quintessence of Mind and
Meditation. 2nd ed. Wisdom Publications.
Qī Jìguāng. 〔1560s; rev. c. 1584〕. Jìxiào xīnshū (紀效新書).
Cited in: An Overview of Wú Tàijíquán Practice
Kokushō-ji (temple tradition). 〔c. 1625–1627〕. “〔Fukuno–Chén Yuánbīn encounter at Kokushō-ji — as recorded in Kitō-ryū / Ryōi Shintō-ryū lineage texts〕.” 〔c. 1625–1627〕. 〔Kokushō-ji (国昌寺), Azabu — document identity unverified〕. 〔unverified〕 · 〔unverified〕.
Cited in: Kitō-ryū
Matsumiya Kanzan. 〔early-to-mid 18th century〕. Jūjutsu-ki (柔術記).
Cited in: Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū
Kunii Zen’ya. 〔erected after 1966〕. “Kunii Zen’ya bohi (国井善弥墓碑; grave stele of Kunii Zen’ya).” 〔erected after 1966〕. Grave at Yumoto/Sekifune, Iwaki, Fukushima. 〔n/a — epigraphic〕 · Public (cemetery); full text transcribed online.
Cited in: Kunii Zen'ya
Tenjin Shin’yō-ryū (compiler unknown). 〔mid-19th century〕. “Tōryū taii-roku (当流大意録).” 〔mid-19th century〕. 〔repository unverified〕. 〔unverified〕 · 〔unverified〕.
Cited in: Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū
Ōe Senbei. 〔undated; pre-TSR Yōshin-ryū〕. “Shizuma-no-maki (静間之巻〔reading tentative〕).” 〔undated; pre-TSR Yōshin-ryū〕. Nagasaki Prefectural Library (長崎県立図書館). 〔unverified〕 · 〔unverified〕.
Cited in: Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū
Matsumoto Bizen-no-kami Ki no Masamoto. 〔undated; traditional attribution〕. “Tengu-gaki (天狗書; ‘tengu writ’) — Kashima Shin-ryū credential scroll.” 〔undated; traditional attribution〕. Kashima Shin-ryū shihanke (held privately). 〔n/a〕 · 〔restricted; not publicly catalogued〕.
Cited in: Kashima Shin-ryū, Kunii Zen'ya
Secondary scholarship
Modern scholarship, reference works and tabulations.
Kyūdō no rekishi (弓道の歴史). n.d. All Japan Kyudo Federation (全日本弓道連盟),
Https://www.kyudo.jp/howto/history.html.
Cited in: The Dai Nippon Butokukai
Totsuka Yōshin-ryū founders’ graves
(戸塚彦介英俊の墓). n.d. Chiba City / Chiba Prefecture cultural-property pages.
Cited in: Overview of the Kōbusho
Chiba-shi keizu / Chiba Shūsaku denki shiryō
(千葉氏系図・千葉周作伝記資料). n.d. Web source.
Cited in: Chiba Shūsaku
Dōmoto Akihiko, ed. n.d. Takano Sasaburō kendō ikōshū
(高野佐三郎剣道遺稿集). Ski Journal.
Cited in: Gekken-kōgyō
Enomoto Shōji (榎本鐘司). n.d. Budōgaku Kenkyū papers on bakumatsu shinai-match
kenjutsu and the formation of modern kendō. Nanzan University.
Cited in: Overview of the Kōbusho
Rekishi to enkaku / jinbutsu-den
(歴史と沿革／人物伝). n.d. Hokushin Ittō-ryū Genbukan (北辰一刀流玄武館). Accessed July 3, 2026. https://hokushin-ittoryu.com/history/.
Cited in: Kobayashi Sadayuki, Shimoe Hidetarō
Inaba Minoru. n.d. Toki wa inochi: yūgen naru jinsei ni, kokorozashi o
sadame kōdō seyo
(時は命――有限なる人生に、志を定め行動せよ),
interview. Kikan Dō (季刊『道』), Dō Shuppan, 2008.
Cited in: Kunii Zen'ya
Inaba Minoru. n.d. Kashima no hidachi (鹿島の秘太刀), instructional
video. BAB Japan.
Cited in: Kashima Shin-ryū, Kunii Zen'ya
Inoue Nisshō (井上日召). n.d. Japanese Wikipedia.
Cited in: Kunii Zen'ya
Kashima-shinden Jikishinkage-ryū Isseikai. n.d. Rekidai dōtōsha. Isseikai website. https://www.isseikaiweb.com/歴代道統者/.
Cited in: Jikishinkage-ryū
Shōgitai (彰義隊). n.d. JapanKnowledge (Nihon Daihyakka Zensho / Sekai Daihyakka
Jiten / Kokushi Daijiten).
Cited in: Overview of the Kōbusho, The Shōgitai
Japanese Wikipedia. n.d. Battōtai (抜刀隊). Wikipedia. Accessed July 3, 2026. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/抜刀隊.
Cited in: The Battōtai
Dai Nippon Butokukai (大日本武徳会). n.d. Japanese Wikipedia.
Chiba Shūsaku (千葉周作). n.d. Japanese Wikipedia.
Cited in: Chiba Shūsaku
Japanese Wikipedia. n.d. Gekken-kōgyō (撃剣興行). Wikipedia. Accessed July 3, 2026. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/撃剣興行.
Cited in: Gekken-kōgyō
Japanese Wikipedia. n.d. Henmi Sōsuke (逸見宗助). Wikipedia. Accessed July 11, 2026. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/逸見宗助.
Cited in: Henmi Sōsuke
Hokushin Ittō-ryū (北辰一刀流). n.d. Japanese Wikipedia.
Japanese Wikipedia. n.d. Kajikawa Yoshimasa (梶川義正). Wikipedia. Accessed July 11, 2026. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/梶川義正.
Cited in: Kajikawa Yoshimasa
Japanese Wikipedia. n.d. Keishichō bujutsu sewakari (警視庁武術世話掛). Wikipedia. Accessed July 3, 2026. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/警視庁武術世話掛.
Cited in: The Keihōkan and Keishichō
Japanese Wikipedia. n.d. Keishi-ryū (警視流). Wikipedia. Accessed July 3, 2026. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/警視流.
Japanese Wikipedia. n.d. Kyōshin Meichi-ryū (鏡新明智流). Wikipedia. Accessed July 11, 2026. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/鏡新明智流.
Cited in: The Keihōkan and Keishichō, Ueda Umanosuke
Mito Tōbukan (水戸東武館). n.d. Japanese Wikipedia.
Japanese Wikipedia. n.d. Mitsuhashi Kan’ichirō (三橋鑑一郎). Wikipedia. Accessed July 11, 2026. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/三橋鑑一郎.
Cited in: Mitsuhashi Kan'ichirō, The Dai Nippon Butokukai
Japanese Wikipedia. n.d. Mochida Moriji (持田盛二). Wikipedia. Accessed July 11, 2026. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/持田盛二.
Cited in: Mochida Moriji, The Budō Senmon Gakkō
Japanese Wikipedia. n.d. Musashi-ryū (武蔵流). Wikipedia. Accessed July 11, 2026. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/武蔵流.
Cited in: Mitsuhashi Kan'ichirō
Naitō Takaharu (内藤高治). n.d. Japanese Wikipedia.
Japanese Wikipedia. n.d. Saimura Gorō (斎村五郎). Wikipedia. Accessed July 11, 2026. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/斎村五郎.
Cited in: Saimura Gorō, The Budō Senmon Gakkō
Japanese Wikipedia. n.d. Sakakibara Kenkichi (榊原鍵吉). Wikipedia. Accessed July 6, 2026. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/榊原鍵吉.
Cited in: Matsuoka Katsunosuke [松岡克之助]
Japanese Wikipedia. n.d. Shibata Emori (柴田衛守). Wikipedia. Accessed July 11, 2026. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/柴田衛守.
Cited in: Shibata Emori
Japanese Wikipedia. n.d. Shimoe Hidetarō (下江秀太郎). Wikipedia. Accessed July 3, 2026. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/下江秀太郎.
Cited in: Monna Tadashi, Shimoe Hidetarō
Japanese Wikipedia. n.d. Shingai Tadaatsu (真貝忠篤). Wikipedia. Accessed July 11, 2026. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/真貝忠篤.
Cited in: Shingai Tadaatsu
Japanese Wikipedia. n.d. Tamiya-ryū (田宮流). Wikipedia. Accessed July 11, 2026. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/田宮流.
Cited in: Shingai Tadaatsu
Japanese Wikipedia. n.d. Ueda Umanosuke (上田馬之助). Wikipedia. Accessed July 11, 2026. https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/上田馬之助.
Cited in: Ueda Umanosuke
Kendō no rekishi (剣道の歴史). n.d. Kendo Park. Accessed July 3, 2026. https://kendopark.jp/kenjoy/kendo-history.
Cited in: The Keihōkan and Keishichō
Nihon Kobudō Kyōkai. n.d. Kashima-shinden Jikishinkage-ryū. Nihon Kobudō Kyōkai website. https://www.nihonkobudokyoukai.org/martialarts/026/.
Cited in: Jikishinkage-ryū
Nakabayashi Shinji. n.d. Jikishinkage-ryū. Sekai Daihyakka Jiten / Nippon Daihyakka Zensho, via
Kotobank. https://kotobank.jp/word/直心影流-72621.
Cited in: Jikishinkage-ryū
Kanō Jigorō (嘉納治五郎). n.d. Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponica), via Kotobank.
Cited in: Overview of the Kōbusho
Totsuka Hikosuke (戸塚彦介). n.d. Nihon Daihyakka Zensho (Nipponica), via Kotobank.
Cited in: Overview of the Kōbusho
Nichigai Associates. n.d. Mochida Moriji (持田盛二). Kotobank (20-seiki Nihon jinmei jiten). Accessed July 11, 2026. https://kotobank.jp/word/持田盛二-1656692.
Cited in: Mochida Moriji
Maruyama Sanzō (丸山三造). n.d. Dai Nippon Jūdō Shi (大日本柔道史).
Cited in: Overview of the Kōbusho
Sugimura Gitarō (杉村義太郎). n.d. Shinsengumi Nagakura Shinpachi: Ko Sugimura Yoshie no
Sōnen Jidai
(新撰組永倉新八：故杉村義衛の壮年時代). Otaru.
Cited in: Overview of the Kōbusho
Nakamura Tamio (中村民雄). n.d. Kendō Jiten: Gijutsu to Bunka no Rekishi (剣道事典
技術と文化の歴史). Shimazu Shobō (島津書房).
Cited in: Overview of the Kōbusho
Oimatsu Shin’ichi. n.d. “Yōshin-ryū, Shin-no-Shintō-ryū, Tenjin Shin’yō-ryū
ni tsuite
(楊心流・真之神道流・天神真楊流について).” 〔Juntendō Univ. bulletin — journal/volume/year to
confirm〕.
Cited in: Tenjin Shin'yō-ryū
Ōmori Sōgen (大森曹玄). n.d. Japanese Wikipedia.
Cited in: Kunii Zen'ya
Bakumatsu kara uketsugare genson suru kenjutsu ryūha
(幕末から受け継がれ現存する剣術流派). n.d. Prometheus Blog. Accessed July 3, 2026. https://prometheusblog.net/2018/02/12/1008457909/.
Cited in: The Keihōkan and Keishichō
English Wikipedia. n.d. Shindō Yōshin-ryū. Wikipedia. Accessed July 6, 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shindō_Yōshin-ryū.
Cited in: Matsuoka Katsunosuke [松岡克之助]
Shūseikan. n.d. Shodai kanchō Shibata Emori (初代館長 柴田衛守). Shūseikan dōjō official site. Accessed July 11, 2026. https://www.shuseikan.com/aboutus/shibata.htm.
Cited in: Shibata Emori
Steele, M. William. n.d. Apocalypse Now: An Alternate View of the Bakumatsu Years. Meiji at 150 Digital Teaching Resource, University of
British Columbia. https://meijiat150dtr.arts.ubc.ca/essays/steele/.
Cited in: The Shōgitai
Takano Shigeyoshi. n.d. Kendō ichiro (剣道一路).
Cited in: Shimoe Hidetarō
Takasaki City (高崎市). n.d. Nen-ryū (tsūshō Maniwa Nen-ryū) — cultural-property
listing (念流（通称馬庭念流）). https://city.takasaki.gunma.jp/docs/2013121801485.
Cited in: Kashima Shin-ryū, Kunii Zen'ya
Meiji-jidai no denshō to Keishichō-ryū
(明治時代の伝承と警視庁流). n.d. Tatsumi-ryū Sōhonbu (立身流総本部). Accessed July 3, 2026. https://tatsumi-ryu.org/?page_id=1702.
Threadgill, Tobin E., and Ohgami Shingo. n.d. Takamura-ha Shindō Yōshin-ryū Jūjutsu. Koryu.com. Accessed November 17, 2025. https://web.archive.org/web/20251117133927/https://koryu.com/library/tthreadgill1/.
Cited in: Matsuoka Katsunosuke [松岡克之助]
Tōyama Hidezō (頭山秀三). n.d. Kotobank (20-seiki Nihon jinmei jiten /
日外アソシエーツ).
Cited in: Kunii Zen'ya
Uchida Ryōhei (内田良平). n.d. Japanese Wikipedia.
Cited in: Kunii Zen'ya
Watanabe Ichirō (渡辺一郎). n.d. Bakumatsu Kantō Kenjutsu Eimeiroku no Kenkyū
(幕末関東剣術英名録の研究).
Cited in: Overview of the Kōbusho
Matsuoka Katsunosuke / Shindō Yōshin-ryū
(松岡克之助・神道楊心流). n.d. Japanese Wikipedia.
Cited in: Matsuoka Katsunosuke [松岡克之助]
Sakakibara Kenkichi and the bakumatsu kenjutsu circle
(Japanese Wikipedia). n.d. Japanese Wikipedia:
榊原鍵吉・彰義隊・上野戦争・戸塚彦介・楊心古流・戸塚派楊心流柔術・嘉納治五郎・起倒流・伊庭八郎・島田虎之助・高橋泥舟・山岡鉄舟.
Cited in: Overview of the Kōbusho
Yin Cheng Gong Fa North America. n.d. The Song of Push Hands (Dǎshǒu gē 打手歌).
Cited in: An Overview of Wú Tàijíquán Practice
Lindsay, Thomas, and Kanō Jigorō. 1889. “Jiujutsu: The Old Samurai Art of Fighting without
Weapons.” Transactions of the Asiatic Society of Japan 16: 192–205〔page range to confirm〕.
Cited in: Kitō-ryū
陸軍省総務局. 1889. Rikugun rekishi (陸軍歴史). 陸軍省総務局. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/988906.
Cited in: Overview of the Kōbusho
山崎 有信. 1910. Shōgitai Senshi (彰義隊戦史). 隆文館. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/773365.
Cited in: Matsuoka Katsunosuke [松岡克之助]
いはらき新聞社. 1915. Ibaraki Jinmei Jisho (茨城人名辞書). いはらき新聞社. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/950464.
Cited in: Matsuoka Katsunosuke [松岡克之助]
渋沢 栄一. 1918. Tokugawa Yoshinobu-kō Den (徳川慶喜公伝). Vol. 4. 竜門社.
Cited in: Matsuoka Yorozu [松岡万]
東京市. 1932. Tōkyō Shishi Gaihen, dai-3 (東京市史外編 第3). 東京市. https://dl.ndl.go.jp/pid/1225131.
Cited in: Overview of the Kōbusho
Hori Shōhei (堀正平). 1934. Dai Nihon Kendō Shi (大日本剣道史). Kendō Sho Kankōkai (剣道書刊行会).
Cited in: Kagawa Zenjirō
Hori Shōhei. 1934. Dai Nippon kendō-shi (大日本剣道史).
Cited in: Shimoe Hidetarō
Yokoyama Kendō (横山健堂). 1943. Nihon Budō Shi (日本武道史). Sanseidō (三省堂).
Cited in: Kagawa Zenjirō
Oimatsu Shin’ichi. 1963. “Kitō-ryū jūjutsu ni tsuite
(起倒流柔術について).” Juntendō Daigaku Taiikugakubu kiyō
(順天堂大学体育学部紀要), no. 6.
Cited in: Kitō-ryū
Morikawa Tetsurō. 1964. “Muteki no ken, Kashima Shin-ryū
(無敵の剣、鹿島神流).” In Budō Nihon, jō (武道日本 上). Puresu Tōkyō (プレス東京).
Cited in: Kobudō Preservation, Kunii Zen'ya
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