Matsudaira Chikaranosuke, personal name Tadatoshi (松平忠敏) and styled Kazusanosuke (上総介), was a son of Matsudaira Chikayoshi (松平親芳), the sixteenth of the Nagasawa Matsudaira house. He learned Ryūgō-ryū from Naoi Hidekata (直井秀堅; also recorded as Naoi Katsugorō, 直井勝五郎), a student of the founder Okada Sōuemon. When the Rōshigumi (浪士組; the masterless-warrior corps that was the forerunner of the Shinsengumi) was organized in Bunkyū 2–3 (1862–63), he was named one of its first supervisors (rōshi-toriatsukai / torishimari-yaku), though he resigned the post early; the following year he became a Kōbusho kenjutsu shihan-yaku.
He was also accomplished in waka poetry and is said to have given Katsu Kaishū instruction in verse. After the Restoration he served as a poetry official at the Outadokoro (御歌所; the imperial Bureau of Poetry), and he died in Meiji 15 (1882).
